Direct and indirect speech direct and indirect speech rules. The following changes occur when an interrogative sentence in the direct speech is changed to the indirect speech. When changing direct speech into indirect speech, changes have to be made to a sentence. Rules for changing direct into indirect speech free download as word doc. Direct and indirect speech in englishspeaking childrens retold. The rules associated with indirect speech are not as simple as they are with direct speech and this subject requires further examination. Direct speech is found in conversations in books, in plays and in quotations. Direct speech is a report of the exact words used by a speaker or writer. Various examples of conversion of direct speech into indirect speech have been given.
Rules for changing direct narration into indirect narration. Oct 05, 2018 six steps to convert a direct speech to indirect speech for statements or simple sentences. Direct and indirect speech rules and examples english. Direct and indirect speech basic rules indirect speech for question sentence indirect speech for modals i. Edit change in modal verbs here are some indirect speech rules for modal verbs. Use the reporting verb, say or said to in its correct tense. Pronoun in indirect speech is changed according to speaker and hearer. Direct and indirect speech in english grammar youtube.
Basic rules to convert a direct speech to indirect speech. Indirect speech for all tenses rules and details studyandexam. Direct and indirect of simple past tense past indefinite. Jan 24, 2018 changes of pronouns in reported speech. Follow all the rules which we learned for changing the direct to indirect speech in reverse for changing indirect to direct speech. Important rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech are as follows.
You need to change expression of time when changing direct speech ds into. While changing direct speech into indirect speech the rules of sequence of tenses are follows. They need to be changed according to the situation. Direct speech indirect speech direct speech indirect speech alex said, it is good time now to see him alex said that it was good time then to see him. Direct and indirect speech rules and examples youtube. Phrase in direct speech equivalent in reported speech. Feel free to leave a comment if you find any errors or if you have any suggestions to make to improve this lesson. In addition to that reported speech rules with tense changes, pronoun changes and modal verbs etc.
Verb tenses usually shift back a tense into the past word order often needs to change. So i has been changed to he and would in place of will. Rules for changing pronoun, person, tenses and adverbs. How to change exclamatory sentences into indirect speech. The basic rules of changing direct speech to indirect speech described for simple sentences applies for all types of sentences. There are five basic things that have to be changed while converting a direct speech to an indirect speech. If these verbs are in the past tense, we change the following.
Changing time and place references english grammar ef. Simple past silva said, i went to school yesterday. The following examples will show you how simple and easy it is. It depends on when we heard the direct speech and when we say the reported speech. Direct and indirect speech rules examples narration. Narration, change of narration, direct and indirect speech.
In english, to report someones words or their own words, you can use direct or indirect speech. When what or how is followed by an adjective, use very but when what is followed by a noun use great. He wanted to know if there is a change in the tense in the reported speech if the introductory verb is in the past tense e. Indirect speech what the speaker has said without using the exact words the teacher told rajesh that he had a bright future.
Simple past greg said that he was an english teacher. Insert quotation marks, question mark, exclamation and fullstop, wherever necessary. So learning direct and indirect speech rules is very necessary. If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the verb in the reported speech is not changed at all. Reporting verb said said to should be changed into exclaimed. Reporting verbs for indirect speech there are many verbs, called reporting verbs, that can be used to introduce indirect speech. Pp1 quoted speech uses quotation marks and the exact words that a person has said. General rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech. The part of the whole sentence in which the actual words of the speaker are written within the inverted commas is called the reported speech, and the verb used in this part is called reported verb. If you want to download direct and indirect speech rules in pdf, you are at right place. Indirect speech for imperative and exclamatory sentences change in pronoun in indirect speech change in time and adverb in indirect speech. When the reporting verb is in a present or future tense, we do not change the tense of the verb inside the quotation marks. Time and place must often change when going from direct to reported speech. Adverbs of time and place if the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting, and adverb of nearness should be put into those of distance.
If the reporting verb in the direct speech statement is in present tense or future tense, then it remains same in indirect speech too i. Direct and indirect speech exercise english grammar. In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speakers exact words. How is usually followed by an adjective not by a noun. Learn how to use direct and indirect speech and tense changes when using reported speech in english with useful grammar rules and example sentences.
Use appropriate joining clauses as per the mood of sentence. If the direct speech has a pronoun, its person is changed, when necessary, to refer in the indirect to the same individual as it does in the direct. Rules for the change of tenses download pdf we have seen that when the reporting verb is in the past tense, all present tenses inside the quotation marks will change into their corresponding past tenses in indirect speech. Direct and indirect narration in english grammer pdf download. From the given alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the given sentence in indirectdirect speech. Complete direct and indirect speech rules with examples for tenses, with pronouns, modals assertive, imperative, optative, exclamatory, and question sentences. Mar 23, 2019 direct and indirect speech direct and indirect speech rules. Indirect speech requires a reporting verb to take the place of the quotation marks used in direct speech. If the reporting verb or first sentence of direct speech is either present tense or future tense, no change will be made in the reported speech for. In year 6, children may be encouraged to use indirect speech when writing a biography or practising further journalistic writing. Oct 26, 20 a sentence has been given in direct speech. In the english language, there are two ways of conveying what someone else has said.
These may include statements, questions, orders, advice. This page will help you to understand basics of direct indirect speech with easy understanding. The rules for change of tense have been discussed in detail under the heading of rules for changing tense. There are two main kinds of interrogative sentences. In the question below a sentence have been given in directindirect speech. As a rule, when we convey a message from direct speech we go one tense back, therefore when we convey a message from simple past tense, we change the tense into past perfect tense. It can be asked in gap filling as giving the right verb forms. Pdf reported speech is one of difficult topics in learning english grammar. To change from indirect to direct speech, keep the rules of the direct speech are applied in the reverse order. The rules for changing the direct narration into indirect narration is divided into four parts. Rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech. Rules for changing direct into indirect speech question comma. If the reporting verb in the direct speech statement is in present tense or future tense, then it remains same.
General rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech achange in pronouns. Statements rules for changing direct statements into the indirect. Being an english language learner, its mandatory for you to study and understand reported speech rules to learn direct and indirect speech. Directquoted speech, involves quoting the exact words uttered by the person, within inverted commas or quotation marks. Every language of course has rules or we often refer to the term of each. When converting from direct to indirect speech, you must change the tense and remove quotation marks. Interrogative sentences beginning with an auxiliary verb are changed into the indirect speech by using. Exclamatory sentence changes into assertive sentence and interjections are removed. A change is made in tense of reported speech for changing a direct speech into indirect speech. In indirect speech, you need to be careful with personal pronouns. Reported speech indirect speech tom asked what time the meeting was. When the actual words of the speaker are reproduced, it is called direct speech. Direct quoted speech, involves quoting the exact words uttered by the person, within inverted commas or quotation marks.
Pdf students ability at changing direct into indirect speech and. Rules, parts, examples and exercises of direct and indirect speech have been given in both hindi and english for better understanding. Indirect speech is introduced by some words like grief, sorrow, happiness, applaud. Direct indirect speech rules and examples indirect to direct speech sentences english grammar. Use of conjunction that before the indirect statement except in case of imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences e. Mar 19, 2020 direct and indirect speech is directly not asked in class 9 and 10 in cbse board but reported speech is not out of syllabus. Time expressions with reported speech sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time expressions too. Simple present tense usually changes to the simple past in reported speech.
The conversion of indirect to direct speech generally presents no special difficulties. When changing from direct to indirect speech, you need to change the grammar in certain ways. Learn the changes of pronouns in reported speech in english with useful grammar rules and example sentences. Six steps to convert a direct speech to indirect speech for statements or simple sentences.
Practice these direct indirect speech exercise and be full of knowledge. A pronoun of the first person i, my, me, our, we in direct speech is changed in the indirect to the same person as the subject of the introductory verb, e. Direct and indirect speech rules and examples english summary. Apr 02, 2019 download rules for converting direct narration into indirect narration in english grammar with examples pdf direct narration it is the method in which the actual words of the speaker are reported within inverted commas. To remove the inverted commas from the direct speech and replace them with an appropriate conjunction. Remove the conjuctions that, to, if or whether etc. Direct and indirect speech complete guide with examples. Rule for the change of pronouns pronouns of the first person in the reported speech are changed in indirect speech to the same person as the subject of the reporting verb. Directindirect ke sandarbh mein prashnavaachak vaakyo ko do bhaago mein baantaa gayaa hai i wfamily prashnavaachak vaakya aur 2 saadharan prashnavaachak vaakya wfamily ke alaawaa simple interrogative sentences.
Direct speech direct speech reported speech today that day tomorrow the next day could the following day now direct speechat that moment then t the present a the time present, current existing, current in one hour why dont you go to the one hour later ast week, last night the week,the night before next year, next month, etc. When converting speech from direct to indirect, you must change the present tense. James told his mother that he was leaving for new york the next day. Rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech rule 1. Direct speech changes into indirect speech present simple tense. Rahul asked me if i had seen the cricket match on tv the previous night. The president declared that he would not bear corruption in the country at any cost. Out of the four alternatives, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect speech. Modal verbs are changed in indirect speech like, can into could, may into might, must into had to. Reported speech is often also called indirect speech. The file contains direct and indirect speech rules for question sentences reported speech for tenses, imperative, optative and exclamatory sentences. Direct and indirect speech online test english narration. Go through these narration exercise with reported speech examples. To change the reporting verb according to the reported speech.
The most common reporting verb is dire to say, tell but there are many others. Past continuous edward said that he was watching the news. When the main idea of a speakers words is reported by another person and the exact words are not quoted, it is called indirect speech or reported speech. If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tenses of the direct speech do not change. In other words, if in direct speech we find say, says or will say then we will not change the tense of the verb inside the quotation marks.
How to convert direct to indirect speech six step formula. Jul 16, 20 indirect speech what the speaker has said without using the exact words the teacher told rajesh that he had a bright future. To download and print this free pdf course, click here. These may include statements, questions, orders, advice when moving from direct to indirect style, it is often necessary to change personal pronouns, demonstrative and possessive pronouns according to who says what. Changing an interrogative sentence into the indirect speech. Those which start with an auxiliary verb and those which start with a question word such as what, why, when, where, how etc. Basic rules how to change from direct speech to indirect speech the conjunction thatifwhether is used between the introductory verb and the reported speech e. Nov 18, 2018 direct and indirect speech rules, direct and indirect speech imperative sentences, direct and indirect speech tricks, direct and indirect speech dear sir, direct and indirect speech by dharmendra. To change such sentences into indirect speech, the word ordered or requested or advised or suggested or forbade or not to do is added. Direct and indirect speech rules and examples entrance exam 2020. The boy told the girl that he had told her that they were not going on a holiday. Direct and indirect speech practice questions hitbullseye. Direct and indirect speech rules pdf table of contents. If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the verb in the reported speech is not changed at all.