A new method of extracting the fundamental rock properties, lames parameters. The complex seismic trace attributes are found in some instances to correlate with lithological changes and historically have been used to characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs. Participants will learn the uses of rock physics in interpreting the elastic properties of earth, as sensed by seismic radiation, for lithology, fluid, and porosity determination. Seismic models of reflections from attenuating layers. Seismic reflections of rock properties by dvorkin, jack ebook. Seismic stratigraphy techniques help us for stratigraphic interpretation of seismic reflectors.
To answer these questions, i link reservoir thickness, lithology, porosity, and saturation to seismic data by coupling deterministic rock physics relationships and bayesian statistics. The presence of smallscale heterogeneities, creating variability in seismic properties that are on the. The attributes define the shape and arrival time of. Providing practical workflows, the book shows how to methodically vary lithology, porosity, rock type, and pore fluids and reservoir geometry, calculate the. Lowfrequency seismic properties of thermally cracked and argonsaturated granite. Porosity, pressure, saturation rock and fluid prediction away from well control requires understanding of how rocks bulk and seismic properties are linked to each other and how they vary with geologic age, depth, and location.
Much evidence shows the presence of low frequency spectral anomalies with a high degree of correlation to the location of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Multicomponent seismic data analysis for interval rock properties in the marcellus shale bobby j. It is important because geological concepts of stratigraphy can be applied on seismic data and hence, seismic stratigraphy can be used as a predictive tool for petroleum system elements like reservoir, seal and source rock. These discontinuities, based on seismic reflection terminations, are indicators of depositional sequences and system tracts formed by one or more of. University printing house, cambridge cb2 8bs, united kingdom published in the united states of america by cambridge university press, new york. The main structures are in agreement with the ones interpreted from the original seismic data and from previous inversion study over this reservoir azevedo et al. The marcellus formation is a black shale that contains one of the worlds largest unconventional tight gas plays. Lithology, porosity, pressure, saturation rock and fluid prediction away from well control requires understanding of how rock s bulk and seismic properties are linked to each other and how they vary with geologic age, depth, and location. Main question of rock physics how to remotely map rock properties and conditions. The seismic reflection method involves the analysis of reflected waves, which occur later in the seismic record.
Each unit has an acoustic impedance equal to the rock density multiplied by the seismic. Integration of rock physics models in a geostatistical seismic. Seismic refraction survey in imperial valley geovision typically uses the oyo das1 or geometrics r2460 seismograph for refraction and reflection investigations. Accounting for rock physics models in stochastic seismic. Download seismic reflections of rock properties 2014 these want assigned exhibits of the deep download seismic reflections of in trace way. Multicomponent seismic data analysis for interval rock. Vertical axis is the twoway reflection travel time, horizontal axes give the collocated sourcereceiver coordinates, color represents reflection amplitudes the colorcoded upper surface is the water bottom. Seismic reflections of rock properties request pdf researchgate. Seismic impedance as any geophysical method, seismic reflection imaging is sensitive to only a specific physical property of the rock this property is called acoustic impedance. Integration of well log and seismic reflection data in reservoir modeling 5. The key innovation is a seismic inversion method that functions on the principles of. A comparison of the seismic crosssection and test results shows no correlation between the reflective properties of layers ac11 and ju0, and the character of fluid saturation.
V density times acoustic velocity seismic reflection amplitude is proportional to the relative impedance contrast across a contact of two layers. This book introduces readers to the field of seismic data interpretation and evaluation. Participants will learn the uses of rock physics in interpreting the elastic properties of earth, as sensed by seismic radiation, for lithology. The reflections can be traced up to station 40, where they appear to be interrupted, probably by a fault, as marked on the section. This is not based on any convincing theory but is roughly right when the effective pressure is high and the rock is fully saturated.
Seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the seismic response from the subsurface to assess rock properties. The attributes define the shape and arrival time of reflection waveforms which depend on rock properties. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon exploration and production a practitioners guide. Each unit has an acoustic impedance equal to the rock density multiplied by the seismic velocity.
Seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the seismic response from the subsurface to assess rock properties and conditions behind the observed seismic reflection amplitude, and to create an accurate geological subsurface model. Porosity, pressure, saturation rock and fluid prediction away from well. Seismic reflections of rock properties semantic scholar. The intensity of the reflection is dependent on how much energy is reflected back at the interface boundary. The resulting seismic amplitude is compared to real seismic data to determine the rock and fluid behind the seismic reflection spikes et al. Seismic reflections are generated at interfaces characterized by impedance contrasts separating rock units with different velocity and density values. Seismic reflection surveys provide superior location precision because they are related to changes in the elastic properties of rock across a lithologic interface.
Lawton abstract the devonian appalachian basin in the northeast united. Seismic reflection methods environmental geophysics us epa. Seismic reflections of rock properties kindle edition by dvorkin, jack, gutierrez, mario a. Mar 11, 2016 seismic reflections record attributes such as amplitude, phase, polarity, arrival time and velocity that can be measured or estimated. Variations of seismic reflections patterns of carbonate sediments result from the. Request pdf seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the seismic response from the subsurface. Pdf using seismic attributes for reservoir characterization. There are more than 100 distinct seismic attributes calculated from seismic data and applied to the interpretation of geological structure, stratigraphy, and rockpore fluid properties. However, in seismic data processing, the density term is generally omitted since the variations in density are generally quite small, as compared to the variations in rock velocity. A very rough rule due to wyllie is the so called time average relationship. Rock properties that affect seismic velocity 1 porosity. Integration of welllog and seismic reflection data in reservoir modeling 5. Seismic reflections record attributes such as amplitude, phase, polarity, arrival time and velocity that can be measured or estimated. We use seismic reflection as a method of geophysical exploration that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the earths subsurface from reflected seismic waves.
Then, the rock properties and fluid are perturbed to find a synthetic seismic response at this new synthetic reservoir. Seismic reflections of rock properties jack dvorkin, mario a. Gutierrez shell international exploration and production, inc. The forwardmodeling approach developed and advocated here results in nonunique solutions, because different combinations of rock properties may produce the same reflections. The seismic section is of high resolution, which makes it possible to map the local smallamplitude structures and stratigraphic nonconformities. Seismic reflection terminations, also termed lapout, are stratal discontinuities recognized on seismic sections that separate apparently conformable sedimentary units from nonconformable units, forming the basis of seismic sequence stratigraphy. Seismic facies and hydrocarbon potential of carbonate. These synthetic traces can then be compared to actual seismic traces from the field.
Vbulk v fluid vmatrix i i 1 1 where i is the porosity. Ideal conditions of application coincidence between seismic interfaces and. Velocities vp and vs versus porosity in 173 gassaturated carbonate core samples. Seismic reflections of rock properties jack dvorkin stanford university, california mario a.
Seismic reflection is the most widely used geophysical technique. Measuring and modeling of p and swave velocities on. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading seismic reflections of rock properties. In order to evaluate how elastic properties of rock.
Application of shallow seismic methods to engineering. Reflection seismology or seismic reflection is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the earths subsurface from reflected seismic. Major fields of application of seismic reflection include. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon. Seismic reflections of rock properties stanford rock. Seismic facies and hydrocarbon potential of carbonate reservoirs in ramp settings alexander wunderlich. Reservoir imaging using low frequencies of seismic reflections gennady goloshubin, university of houston, texas, u. There are commonly several layers beneath the earths surface that contribute reflections to a single seismogram. It can be used to derive important details about the geometry of structures and their physical properties. Simultaneous inversion of shallow seismic data for imaging. Seismic seismic reflection reveals what is under the surface. Seismic attributes and pattern recognition wavelet transform with generalized beta wavelets for seismic timefrequency analysis zhiguo wang, bing zhang, jinghuai gao, qingzhen wang, and qing huo liu. Seismic reflections of rock properties by dvorkin, jack. Determining the physical properties of the bed rock.
Hardrock seismic reflection through cover scholarworks. Seismic reflections occur due to acoustic impedance variations in stratal packages at interface boundaries. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. Request pdf seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the.
This book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physicsbased forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock. Seismic displays visualization is key to seismic data analysis 3d displays are mostly done interactively using workstations in this plot. The book catalogs various cases, including clastic sediments, carbonates, and timelapse seismic monitoring, and discusses the effect of attenuation on seismic reflections. Seismic facies and hydrocarbon potential of carbonate reservoirs in ramp settings 5 interparticle, intercrystalline, moldic, vug, intraparticle, fracture and fenestral wang, 1997. Several theoretical models of these effective properties developed in recent years predict that the fractured rock will be inelastic, with complex seismic velocities and elastic moduli.
Accounting for rock physics models in stochastic seismic inversion msc candidate. Reservoir imaging using low frequencies of seismic reflections. Lithologic interpretations of the earth crust from seismic wave velocities are nonunique so that inferences about composition can not be drawn. Seismic reflections of rock properties, dvorkin, jack. There are more than 100 distinct seismic attributes calculated from seismic data and applied to the interpretation of geological structure, stratigraphy, and rock pore fluid properties. To understand the physical reasons causing this phenomenon, and to utilize it as an attribute of hydrocarbon. Seismic refraction survey in imperial valley geovision typically uses. Lawton abstract the devonian appalachian basin in the northeast united states holds vast reserves of hydrocarbons. Seismic reflections of rock properties this book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physicsbased forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock. Ideal conditions of application coincidence between seismic interfaces and stratigraphical or lithological ones. Download seismic reflections of rock properties 2014. There are commonly several layers beneath the earths. To answer these questions, i link reservoir thickness, lithology, porosity, and saturation to seismic data by coupling deterministic. Seismic reflections of rock properties by jack dvorkin.
Good correlation coefficients between the synthetic seismic and real seismic. Northeast of station 30, the reflections are overlaid by a shallow reflection sequence with much smaller dips. Seismic reflection an overview sciencedirect topics. Seismic reflections of rock properties request pdf. Seismic reflection methods the physical process of reflection is illustrated in figure 1, where the raypaths through successive layers are shown. Seismic reflections of rock properties this book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physicsbased forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock properties to seismic amplitude. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name. Much evidence shows the presence of low frequency spectral anomalies with a high degree of correlation to. Forward modeling of seismic reflections for rock characterization 2.