Wheat water stress and crop plants wiley online library. The level of nitrogen and phosphorus fertility in the growing wheat crop can affect plant growth and development, water uptake and the incidence and severity of water stress. Since roots play a critical role in water uptake, root response to water limitations is. Yield and yield components of bread wheat as influenced by. It has been recognized that decrease in yield and yield. Soil moisture and crop water stress can be measured in a variety of ways hanson et al.
This study evaluates the potential for adaptability and tolerance of wheat genotypes g to an arid environment. Effect of water stress on growth and water use efficiency. Water stress showed no effects on the maximal quantum yield of psii photochemistry f v f m, the rapid. Effects of peg induced water stress on the contents of proline, betaine and soluble sugar in roots and shoots of wheat seedling. Wheat triticum aestivum l is the most extensively grown cereal crop in the world, covering about 237 million hectares annually, accounting for a total of 420 million tonnes isitor et al. Nitrogen fertility influence on water stress and yield of winter wheat d. Plant water deficit resulting from shortage of water rainfall or.
The goal of this work was to examine the responses of mesophyll cell structures to water deficit and salt stress in leaves of wheat seedlings. Effect of water stress on growth and water use efficiency wue of. The droughtresistant mohamed ben bachir mbb from algeria and the droughtsensitive european variety capdur differed in the. We hypothesized that 1 final productivity in wheat would be dependent on the ability to maintain photosynthetic stability under drought stress and. Result revealed that water stress at tillering significantly reduced spike length and grains per spike. Exogenous application of growth enhancers mitigate water. A field experiment was conducted to determine the sensitivity of wheat to water stress and changes in water relations and yield of wheat triticum aestivum l. The sowing date is october 10, 1999, and the harvesting date is june 7, 2000. Aug 23, 2017 with a concomitant increase in leaf temperature, wheat plants exposed to heat stress substantially decrease the water potential and the relative water content in leaves, and eventually reduce photosynthetic productivity farooq et al. Yield response to water of all crop types 7 the yield response factor k y the k y values are crop specific and vary over the growing season according to growth stages with. Singh 2008 that numbers of grains per spike were decreased under drought stress 21.
Halvorson abstract available soil water and n fertility are the primary factors limiting dryland winter wheat triticum aestivum l. Does cyclic water stress damage wheat yield more than a. The onset of water stress within a crop is defined as the time at which the rate of water loss declines below that of a well watered crop in the same locality. Water stress induced changes in morphology and anatomy of flag leaf of spring wheat. It was found, for all four crops, that the largest negative impact on yield was the result of excess water stress on clay soils during the month of july loss of 26 buacday. It occurs whenever water absorption by the crop is lower than the evaporative demand of the atmosphere. The main plots included drought stress treatments at 4 levels. Physiological responses to water stress and yield of winter. Moskovskaya 35 was grown in a controlled climate chamber russia in 0. Estimate the effect of water stress on the evapotranspiration of a full grown tomato crop z r 0. This research investigated the effect of water deficit on wheat cultivars algaimi, sindy1, sindy2, and habahmar grown in the kingdom of saudi arabia. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling. The detrimental effect of the heat stress on wheat yield may worsen when coinciding with drought pradhan et al 2012. Abstract moderate to severe drought water stress at the reproductive stage is common in the u.
Remote sensing of nitrogen and water stress in wheat. Salicylic acid prevents the damaging action of stress factors on wheat plants. For water stress, severity, duration and timing of stress, as well as responses of plants after stress removal, and interaction between stress and other factors are extremely important plaut, 2003. Pdf effect of water stress in bread wheat hexaploids. Effect of application elements, water stress and variety on. Water stress is primarily caused by a water deficit, such as a drought or high soil salinity.
The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water. The objective of this field study was to determine. The experiments were base on split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. K y water deficit, and recovers partially from stress, exhibiting less than proportional reductions in yield with reduced water use. Wheat, which is the most widely grown crop in the world, is predominantly cultivated in drought.
Design of simulated water stress conditions water stress. Drought stress is the major limiting factor in agriculture. Nitrogen and water stress affect winter wheat yield and dough. Water stress is the major environmental stresses that affect agricultural production worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant content, zn element concentration, and the transcription level of genes involved in antioxidant. The relation to the onset of water stress and soil water status of several readily measured plant parameters was investigated in crops of wheat and soybeans over three years. We developed an original method for in situ analysis of phytoliths in leaves via xray imaging. Pdf effect of water stress on yield and yield components of wheat. The function of water regulation occurs outside root, or in apoplast of root, or both outside root and in. The world population is predicted to increase beyond 8 billion by 2030 implying major challenges for agricultural sector to secure food availability. The effects of salinity a, c or water deficit b, d on phytohormonal balance of wheat seedlings pretreated with 0. To evaluate the physiological responses of wheat to zinc zn fertilizer application under drought stress, pot, and field experiments were conducted on wheat plants grown under different soil moistures and treated with soil and foliar zn applications. Pdf the current objective was to identify tolerant and susceptible genotypes of wheat under different irrigation levels and also to find out the most. The screening of water stress tolerant wheat cultivars with.
The aim of this study is effect of application elements, water stress and variety on nutrients of grain wheat in zahak region iran. Durum wheat was grown using hydroponics in the presence of polyethylene glycol peg6000 to perform a waterstress simulation. Each year, water stress on arable plants in different parts of the world disrupts agriculture and food supply with the final consequence. Wheat yield loss attributable to heat waves, drought and. Pdf remote sensing of nitrogen and water stress in wheat. However, these techniques are more often used in higher value crops than wheat. Carbohydrates and water status in wheat plants under water.
Understanding how wheat manages water stress is important for the reclamation of droughtprone soils and crop pro. A field experiment was conducted over two years to evaluate the gas exchange, water relations, and water use efficiency wue of wheat under different water stress and nitrogen management practices at crop physiology research area, university of. More to the point, application methods for the use of micronutrients also affects the crop growth and yield. Plant height was reduced by 23% because of water stress imposed in the flowering stage nsn, which consequently decreased biomass yield by 29% in the 2011 season.
A fi eld experiment using fi ve n rates ranging from 0 to 1. Meanwhile, between two genotypes of bread wheat, shahriar was more sensible than alvand to the drought stress. Gas exchange, water relations, water use efficiency, water stress, nitrogen nutrition and wheat introduction the shortage of water resources is a worldwide problem and the phenomenon of water stress is very obvious. Effects of water stress on germination and growth of wheat. The effects of drought stress on yield, yield components, and yield. Irrigation, to alleviate local water stress, can also mitigate the impact of the highest temperatures, by evaporative cooling, even at larger spatial scales tack et al 2015, troy et al 2015, mueller et al 2016. Whereas, water stress at flowering and grain filling significantly reduced grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. Water stress adversely impacts many aspects of the physiology of plants, especially photosynthetic capacity.
The soil water balance method can estimate soil moisture and impending crop stress without the. Water stress significantly reduced the plant height, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike and grain weight of all 25 wheat varieties. For instance, water stress applied at preanthesis reduced time to anthesis, while at post. Water stress effects on growth, yield and quality of wheat. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling phases. However, the potential yield and waterlimited yield of wheat needs to continue. Frontiers wheat phenological development and growth studies. Physiological and biochemical changes during drought and. Less decrease in wheat yield under water stress is usually observed in water stress tolerant cultivars as compared to sensitive ones gaspar et al. The impacts of water stress on soluble sugar were similar as proline and betaine, it contents significantly increased under high water stress fig. In summary, the growth of wheat seedlings was inhibited by water stress, especially in roots.
The foliar application of naturally occurring mle30 growth enhancer at the tillering and heading stages of wheat cv. They compared yield change buacreday of excess water stress with soil texture and the month in which the excess water stress occurred table 1. Graduate thesis or dissertation the effect of fertility. Effects of water stress on photosystem ii photochemistry and. The inhibiting action of water stress on the wheat germination was increased with peg6000 concentration increasing table 5. The lateral root density gene regulates root growth during.
Effects of water deficit stress and nitrogen fertilizer on. Since roots play a critical role in water uptake, root response to water limitations is an important component for enhancing wheat adaptation. During the 2000 growing season, winter wheat was cultivated in 16 proximate field plots 2. Effect of phytoliths for mitigating water stress in durum wheat. The objective of this study was to better understand the physiological basis of drought tolerance in elite wheat cultivars. The experiment comprised of two wheat cultivars and four water stress treatments, maintained by withholding water at. A key challenge for plant growth is global water shortage, limiting crop yields already today in more than 70% of arable lands, and the drought limitations further gain in importance in the near future as agricultural activities. With a concomitant increase in leaf temperature, wheat plants exposed to heat stress substantially decrease the water potential and the relative water content in leaves, and eventually reduce photosynthetic productivity farooq et al. Water stress and date of sowing were assigned to the mainplot, while variety was assigned to the subplots. Combined effect of water deficit and salt stress on the. If the stress is prolonged, plant growth, and productivity are severely diminished. Southern high plains shp, where wheat is grown as a major winter crop. Evaluation of a crop water stress index for detecting water. Remote sensing to detect nitrogen and water stress in wheat.
However, under water stress conditions, water and nitrogen use efficiency and seed yield of durum wheat was more than bread wheat. Physiological responses to water stress and yield of winter wheat. The author suggests that the differences in the rwcs of the cultivars under water deficit stress conditions might be. Plant indicators of wheat and soybean crop water stress.
Simultaneously, the rate of transpiration and plant growth are severely affected. Physiological, biochemical and yield responses of wheat. In order to gain a better understanding of the complex interactions leading to water stress in the wheat crop, a means of determining when and how long the stress occurs. Nitrogen and water stress affect winter wheat yield and. Growth and yield parameters showed dramatic recovery. Physiological responses to water stress and yield of. The droughtresistant mohamed ben bachir mbb from algeria and the droughtsensitive european variety capdur differed in the time and type of sugar increase during water stress.
The water stress treatment nsn reduced transpiration by 72% and stomatal conductance by 84% in the flowering stage. Moderate to severe drought water stress at the reproductive stage is common in the u. Beside these, exogenous application of stress signaling compounds, osmolytes, or certain inorganic salts play a vital role for alleviating adverse effects of abiotic stresses for sustainable wheat. From 1950 to 1993, the increase in global daily minimum temperatures was. We examined the influence of drought stress ds 100, 75, and 50% field capacity, planting times pt 16november, 01december, 16december and 01january, and g yocoro rojo, fkau10, faisalabad08, and galaxy l7096 on phenological development, growth indices, grain yield. Water stress has been reported to affect all the yield components, mainly the number of grains per spike and the number of spikes per plant 22, 23. Water stress causes water losses within the plant and resulted in relative water content rwc reduction.